All machines require power for their operation and to do specific kinds of work. The two most commonly used power source for machines are hydraulic and pneumatic systems. Both these power sources are the most efficient and compact forms of power. Hydraulics and pneumatics can be configured to provide power to different tasks like lift, pull, push, lower, rotate, turn, move and above all carrying loads. Using hydraulic or Pneumatic force, tools can also be powered to join objects or to break objects.
Hydraulics and pneumatics provide the energy to get any kind of machine job to be done in an effective manner.
Working Principle of Hydraulics
Hydraulics work on the principle of pressurized fluid providing mechanical force and action. A hydraulic system installed on a machine is composed of a hydraulic pump to compress the fluid, hydraulic lines to carry the fluid, a hydraulic cylinder. In the hydraulic cylinder, the fluid is pumped and a piston is moved by the pressurized fluid in the cylinder. The entire system is also referred as hydraulic circuit. Hydraulics mechanism also actuate shafts to power hydraulic conveyors and motors.
Working Principle of Pneumatics
Pneumatics are similar to hydraulics. The major difference between the two is that instead of fluid, pneumatics use gas (usually air) is used to provide force or power. Air is pulled into a compressor and is then forced through lines using various tools. The compressed air moves the pistons and shafts and allows them to move. Pneumatics are often used for different kinds of hand tools. They are also used in machines doing repetitive motion. A jackhammer is a good example of a pneumatic tool.
Differences between Hydraulics and Pneumatics
Besides the difference of liquid and gas, there are other differences as well. In hydraulics, fluid is sent to the cylinder. It moves the piston and then circulates back to the pump. Hydraulics is a closed circuit. On the other hand, pnematics do not circulate the air. The compressed air is sent to the tool and then expended through an exhaust port. More air is pulled into the compressor when doing more work.
Hydraulic Applications
Hydraulics are installed to do heavy work. The hydraulic machines are used on a variety of vehicles and production machinery. They can withstand tremendous loads. Small circuits can lift and move heavy material. Hydraulics are also used for machines doing pressing, stamping, and rolling work. For example, in a steel mill or fabrication facility. Hydraulic circuits are also used in trucks, cars, and aircraft to provide power to various systems, like brakes, lifts and control surfaces.
Pneumatic Applications
Pneumatic mechanism is used in all types of assembly and fabrication installations. It is ideal for tools like hammers, drills, chisels etc. It is also used to move items on assembly lines. For maintenance facilities, such as garages and aircraft hangars, pneumatics are used.
